Online Enrollment System Conceptual Framework free essay sample

Online enrollment system is utilized today by many universities to facilitate the enrollment of their students into classes every semester (Gaton, 2012). The system allows students to choose courses they want to take with the available class schedules. This allows students to make up their time schedules for different class courses without time schedule conflicts. After the allotted enrollment period, the system runs and assigns slots to students. With the Online Student Enrollment System, students could login, check their schedule, and set desired changes and pay online without having to stand in a line and rushing to meet deadlines to accomplish all the transactions required for enrollment (Ella, 2012). It would be less time consuming and very convenient. a. How OEM Works How about a student online enrollment system conveniently linked to your information portal? This service could help lessen the amount of time and effort in enrolling for subjects in every semester (Marchan, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Online Enrollment System Conceptual Framework or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You might have encountered some websites which provide services that require registration online. The customer information is stored in the database and used for every transactions made. This eliminates manual registration and sometimes payment process for customers. All businesses are accomplished fast, efficient and conveniently, in your computer. According to Binayao(2010), Online Systems usually follows this simple diagram(refer to Fig. 1 below). Figure 1 New students need to sign up by filling out the personal information page with their unique ID number to be activated by the secretary. The system recognizes the valid user ID. The secretary can add grades of the students. Thus, the students can view their grades online. The system evaluates the subjects previously taken by the students and generates a list of subjects that the students can enroll. After the students have selected the subjects to be enrolled, the proposed system shows the different schedules of each subject. Finally, the system generates the enrollment form that contains the financial statement and schedules of subject. The administrator can add curriculum, subjects, and schedules. He can also view the students’ profile and the list of students enrolled in every subject and in every department. b. Online Systems and their Maintenance The Internet is the most convenient and efficient commodity for organizations and businesses alike. Websites function as a portal for members, customers and others to communicate, provide services and support 24-hours a day. It is cost effective for promotion, marketing and information dissemination (Ella,2012) NLS, NAPOLCOM, SOL, and GoDirect are a few of the leading providers on Online System Worldwide(Ella,2012). They all differ on structure, but all of them offers great service on an affordable price. In the Philippines, universities like UST, FEU and DLSU all created their own systems of Online Enrollment. Johnston (2009) implies that maintaining OE Systems may require license updates, upgrades, and hardware maintenance. It may cost $5-$25(equivalent to P200-P1000) per User per Month, depending on the System. ONLINE ENROLLMENT METHOD VS. TRADITIONAL METHOD OF ENROLLMENT In the past couple of decades, computers and technology have revolutionized once-slow processes, saving industries time and money in ways not previously possible. With today’s budget crisis, school districts are looking for ways to use computers and the Internet to streamline school business processes while substantially lowering their cost (Anderson, 2011). Still, traditional methods/systems are used more often than not in enrollment procedures of universities (Apon, 2012). Enrollment serves as a vital part in the life of every student upon entering schools or universities, either public or in private. It gives students the impression on how the whole institute manages and manipulates the entire body. Moreover, enrolment serves as the first experience of all students by which he/she takes part, according to So (2012). One of the factors considered here is the lack of manpower to accommodate all enrollees. Also considered are the tedious task of filling out the application form and the inaccuracies of information provided by the students. These factors cause enrollment delay, which is disadvantageous to the enrolment personnel and the enrollees (Leonar, 2010). Still, the availability of Online Systems has its own advantages and disadvantages, much like how the traditional method of enrollment has its own (Marchan, 2012). Some of the factors that may be affected are: 1. The Number of Workers utilized in Enrollments (along with their salaries) 2. The Maintenance Cost of Online Systems . The Fund Available These factors must be looked up first before deciding which is better for a university. a. Top-rated Universities in the Phil. and their Methods of Enrollment According to Forman (2007) in his article â€Å"New Research Perspectives on Mobility, Organizations, Systems and Technologies†, continuing innovation in technologies can lead to organizational changes that range from improvement of day-to-day operation and for easy access it provides for the end users. Many schools today have adapted this innovation in the offering of their services. In the Philippines, Ateneo De Manila, De La Salle, Far-Eastern, and other top-rated universities accepted the challenge and created their own Online Systems of Enrollment. b. Enrollment System of SLU The Current Enrollment System of SLU is similar to the traditional method, wherein a student is required to enroll and transact personally in the enrollment rooms of the university. Old and new students need to fill up application forms like pre-enrollment form, and will input validated ID and registration forms to the department enrollment officers.  The current system needs those information to process the enrollment of the students. Enrollment Systems like this are slow, and takes time and energy from the students and enrollment officers alike (Lucas, 2010).

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION Essays - Gender, Sex

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION Essays - Gender, Sex GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION In the twenty first century, communication is the essential aspect of a person .The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't being said.There are several arguments between male and female communication styles.Firstly, communication is dependent on type of human brain and secondly, the gender is determination on the style of communication.Plus, the environment influences to develop communication with other people.However, Samuel Johnson said, Nature has given women so much power that the law has very wisely given them little. Before talking about gender differences in communication, I would like to express what gender difference is.In geneceral, gender difference is a distinction of biological and/or physiological characteristics typically associated with either males or females of a species in general. In the study of humans, socio-political issues arise in classifying whether a sex difference results from the biology of gender. The social ethic researchers argue that gender does not influence development of the communication styles.The structure of the brain determines the communication style. The brain is divided in two categories: feminine and masculine brains.The hormones that are produced in the human cause the division.People who have feminine brain are most likely to be successful as managers because they have more power of listening.On contrary, masculine brain are suitable to have jobs in physical and computer sciences, and mathematics.However, there are females who, have masculine brain that work as constructors. An experiment was conducted to evident the existence of feminine and masculine brain. The researchers discovered that most of the men and women in male typical jobs, such as carpentry, bricklaying, and taxi driving had a male organized brain.But men and women in female-typical jobs such as nursing, tended to have a female organized brain. These and several others tests have buttressed the theory that one?s choice of occupation is often coordinated with the degree of feminine or masculine of one?s brain. The gender plays an important role when we look at the communication in terms of science.Science argues that male and female differ in inherited biological DNA. Therefore, the difference in the DNA, they pose different characteristic traits.There are various common characteristics found in females affection, team oriented, moderation, tendency to become bogged in details, mutuality, right brain, and politeness.In contrast, males pose different characteristics in the workplace than females.They are more competitive, tight, think one way, not emotional.So, the different characteristics create different managers. Loden (1985) identified important managerial functions such as use of power, managing work relationships, problem solving, conflict, management, motivation of employees, goal-setting, decision-making and teamwork.She interviewed 200 women and 50 men in a wide variety of organizations and entrepreneurial businesses.The results traced two different styles of leadership: masculine and feminine.Feminine leadership was found to be involved with the emotional cues of human interaction, maintenance of close personal relationships and collaboration.It is a style that is linked to gender differences, early socialization and the unique set of life experiences of a woman. Masculine leadership sees the need for tight control, aggressive behavior and the ability to think with little emotional interaction.At the core of the difference are those women respond to situations by thinking and feeling.It deviates from the traditional role where the attainment of power is at the core.The participants agreed that both these styles can complement each other but at the time historically, this was not supported in organizations.There was corporate resistance to the feminine style. The main aspect that makes female successful to communicate better is their history in the past.The women hardships enable them to become compassionate toward people. They shared information with people because women were separated in the past from the outside environment.Their struggle in life made them to empower others.Women did not have the rights to make careers until in the early 1900?s until they get the opportunity to obtain education.Women studied went in depth to learn.Their experience of managing their family was a big advantage to become good managers, especially nourishing their children.Around 1980 the fields of communication was open to the women.About 60% females entered in the field of communication.In contrary about 40% males entered in this field.There were more and more female teachers to teach this course so it assisted females to progress

Classic Airlines Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Classic Airlines - Assignment Example Classic Airlines has enjoyed the benefits of participating in an oligopoly marketplace. In an oligopoly there are few companies that control the entire market. The purpose of this paper is to find a solution to solve the problems at Classic Airline using a nine step problem solving process. Step 1) Describe the Situation Classic Airlines is operating in an industry that has seen a long term reduction in business as a consequence of the catastrophic events of 9/11. Since that terrorist attack the industry has seen a steep rise in operating costs associated with security measures. The volatile petroleum marketplace has made fuel cost the highest cost factor in the airline closely followed by employee costs. As a consequence of external and internal factors Classic Airlines had seen its profitability declined tremendously. Last year the net profit margin of the company was a diminutive 0.11%. The net margin of the company is 2.29% below the industry standard (Dun & Bradsteet, 2011). The marketing department at Classic Airlines is in a complete disaster. One of the largest indicators of failure in the department is reflected in the results of its customer rewards program. The customer rewards program at Classic Airlines experience a 19% reduction in its total members and a 21% reduction in the frequency of purchases by those customers. Customer retention is imperative for the success of a business enterprise. The 80/20 rule states that 80% of business comes from 20% of a company’s customers. The loyalty of the customer has declined significantly which will hurt the ability of the company to stay profitable in the long term. There are internal problems occurring within the human resources of the company. Employee morale is at the lowest point it has ever been in the history of the company. Employee morale is important because when morale goes down so does the productivity of the workers. The worries from the staff are justified and legitimate. One of the vice -presidents, Doug Sheffin who is also a union member, is concerned about the company’s ability to meet its current and future obligations with the employees in the future months. He realizes that the firm may incur into operating losses soon if the firm is not able to turn things around. The company’s ability to pay its short term obligations can be measured by its current ratio (Kennon, 2011). Step 2) Define the Problem    Classic Airlines faces some serious problems that require immediate attention since the future of the company is at stake. Due to the decreasing profitability of the company and the fact the company cannot reduce prices any lower to spur demand the company’s Board of Directors has mandated a 15% cost reduction across all departments within a timeframe of 18 months. The situation is so delicate that if the company does not meet the cost reduction mandate the firm faces the possibility of bankruptcy. The most recent indicator that clearly dem onstrates the firm’s declining performance is the 20% reduction in the customer rewards programs in terms of both number of participants and frequency of purchases by the remaining customers. Step 3) End State Goals The company has several end state goals the firm must achieve. One of those goals is to increase the profitability of the company to reach the industry standard of 2.4% net margin within 18 months. A second end state goal of Classic

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 4-SLP) Essay

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 4-SLP) - Essay Example The rate of physical violence towards the elderly people is more than the street violence and the studies have shown that elderly people are more likely to be harmed by family members than the strangers (Quinn & Tomita 1997 p33). The fact that most of the abuse is caused at the hands of children, spouse or close relatives make it shameful for the elders being abused to report it to the authorities. There are different reasons for not reporting the abuse and most of them are based on the fear of being exposed in the society. Some of the reasons that lead to not exposing the torture and the abuse are protection of the family privacy, embarrassment in front of people, humiliation, fear that they will be tortured more if the abuse is reported, a belief that they deserve the abuse and the fear that if the abuse is reported then they will be sent to the care center and hence lose the privacy of life (Elder Abuse Awareness n.d.). However, there are other reasons like elderly people being incapable of understanding that they are being abused. Elderly people suffering from mental problems like dementia and Alzheimer’s are not in position to understand that they are being abused(Quinn & Tomita 1997 p53). In the book, ‘Mental abuse and neglect’, a case of a elderly woman who was 78-year old and was a widow, is described. In this case, the elderly woman confused her son to be her husband and was being sexually exploited by her son. So even the physical and mental incapability of reporting the abuse is a cause of the abuse not getting reported. The short term consequences are mostly physical in nature like bruises over the body, scratches, scars

United States History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

United States History - Essay Example The Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770, when the British troops stormed into the Boston mob who was protesting against them at the customs commission. This event is considered to be the foundation of the first battle in the history of American Revolution that took place just five years after that. In the year 1771, the colonies started to grow and hundreds of miles of roads were under construction in New Hampshire alone. In Connecticut, the General Assembly directed Jonathan Trimball, the governor to collect the public papers and letters, which affected the interest of the colony. The foundation of the first independent Anglo-American government took place in East Tennessee by Watauga Association, who was in the need of mutual protection. It was during this time that the House of Burgesses present in the Colony of Virginia reacted negatively to the policies of the British by establishing a committee that contacted other colonies who had the similar defense. This led to the i ssuance of Virginia Resolution by establishing the committee of correspondence. In the year 1772, a satirical essay was written and published by Benjamin Franklin in â€Å"The Public Advertiser†. In the seventeenth century, the war of independence took place between the Great Britain and the thirteen British colonies existed on the eastern seaboard present in North America. The battles of Concord and Lexington that took place between the colonial Minutemen and British Army marked the beginning of the war.

The Case Of John Lacking Capacity Social Work Essay

The Case Of John Lacking Capacity Social Work Essay Within adult social care, people, issues, organisations and regulatory bodies are always involved in the discussions on risk and safety. Responsibility, duty of care, adult safeguarding and capacity are of concern. The balance of keeping service users who are viewed as vulnerable safe in society can be contradicted with living independent lives and being able to take the risks others take in everyday life. Therefore, perceptions and assessments of risk is an individual matter for each service user, the communities and society and is fraught with decisions and choices. Mitchell and Glendinning (2007) suggest that the states role and pre-occupation with risk management is under constant evaluation rather than exploring and seeking to understand service users perspectives of risk. They highlight the need for more service users and carers involvement in risks, decision making and protection (Parrott, 2006). Events during the life course such as genetic/biological factors, and childhood experiences can have a huge impact on the ability of the mind and body to develop and maintain good mental health. Ones life course can encounter a combination of stressful events which can test the human bodys ability to cope emotionally, which sometimes can trigger anxiety, depression and/or other mental health conditions. Risk factors which can have a negative impact on ones mental health can be addressed by influencing supportive relationships, a healthy lifestyle, stress management techniques and emotional coping strategies, in which social workers can be apart of ensuring happens. On an individual factor John could be facing depression/grief from the loss of his wife who passed away a year ago. John could still be in the seven emotional stages of grief (Carers UK, 2012). This involves shock or disbelief, denial, bargaining, guilt, anger, depression, and acceptance/hope. Social workers and other prof essionals should be aware that, there are no time limits on grief and no set pattern of emotions and behaviours that people can follow, everyone is different and grief does not always happen straight away. The risk factors for experiencing more serious symptoms of grief/loss of a loved one is that John could be at an increased risk of being psychiatrically unstable due to a decline of his emotional well being. The change in Johns life events/situation could have a huge impact on his mental wellbeing, not only because he has lost his wife but he was also a carer for his wife which would have meant John would have had responsibilities daily. Therefore John also faces having to deal with the loss of his caring role, which he may include him feeling guilty/ relieved, exhausted and alone. John may also feel angry that someone has contacted social services as they feel worried about him, as at this moment in time John may be thinking he is coping fine. Johns family/social factors may be a potential risk as John lives alone and his two children live some distance away and only visit monthly. John could be feeling isolated and due to lack of family support and limited social networks, John could be at risk of deteriorating emotionally and physically. John could be feeling a loss of control over his life due to these changes and he could experience all types of symptoms such as significant loss of appetite, diminished energy levels, suicide thoughts, depression, anxiety and many more (NIMH, 2012). The issues around the perceptions of risk and rights for mental health service users are different as people are sometimes perceived as a risk rather than considered at risk in vulnerable situations. Therefore, John could be at risk of being overlooked by safeguarding practices and his individual rights comprised by the Mental Health 1983 if he is assessed as lacks capacity, when maybe all John needs is some support in getting his life back together and learning how to cope w ith all his life changes. This would be a multidisciplinary decision and user involvement in risk assessment and informed decision making about risks to John and others (Ray, Pugh, Roberts Beech, 2008). Regardless of whether John is assessed as having the capacity or not to make decisions under the Mental Health Capacity Act 2005, then professionals need to raise the awareness of human rights and enable John to have these rights realised. Independence, choice, control and experiences and feelings associated with danger, fear, abuse and safety would need to be addressed with John. Sheldon (2010) suggests that in any case of risk management, the service user should have their rights explained, including their human rights and risk management should not interfere with the service users rights to dignity, respect and privacy as also suggested by the Care Council Code of Practice for Social Workers (CCW, 2002, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1). It is important that the key role of assessments of adults allows people to make their own decisions whilst minimising risk or harm. By placing John at the centre of the caring process, it would be the social workers role to discuss options of support for John as a first option. Fair Access to Care Services would enable the social worker to focus on health, safety, autonomy and involvement with his family and the community but without overlooking risks of self harm, neglect, abuse and risks to carers and others. FACS was launched in 2003 by the Department of Health, so that adults in need can be assessed for eligibility of services (DOH, 2003). It focuses on four levels of risk to independent living, which would be of use in Johns case. Risk taking is a normal part of life, however the social worker needs to ensure they have taken all the steps needed to minimise risk. With John by considering the consequences of actions and the likelihood of harm he could cause to himself, and discussing the benefits for independence and well being, a support plan for managing risk could be put in place with Johns consent (CCW, 2002, 4.3). Risk assessment will help in developing risk management plans that minimize risks (Coulshed Orme, 2006). The social work ers role would be to provide John with support to enable him to help himself. Under the National Health and Community Care Act 1990, the local authority would have a duty to assess Johns needs and to ensure thats services are available for John. Protecting and safeguarding John from harm, abuse and neglect including financial, physical, sexual, emotional and institutionally would be the social workers main role. An assessment based on the needs of John would enable the social worker to build a positive relationship with John, to gather the relevant information, form an overview of the situation and identify possible solutions for the best way forward (Parrott, 2006). Assessment and care planning will enable the local authority to provide practical and emotional support for John. During assessment and care plan the social worker would be able to treat John holistically, promote his independence whilst clarifying risks that can follow from decisions made independently and also being a ble to involve other health professionals to benefit John. Through the care plan, John would be able to access a wide range of information and services, designed specifically for him. Social workers use the Mental Health Act 2005 as a criterion to minimise risk of harm to self or others, however the downside for service users is that of potential threat to independence and freedom that sometimes makes seeking help a hard decision to make in some cases, therefore social workers working in multidisciplary teams and having the use of assessment and care planning tools, makes decision making easier. Therefore all professionals and John would have some responsibility for making decisions and every professional would have input into providing and sharing information to arrive at a considered decision (Milner OByrne, 2009). This also minimises the risk of one person being involved and making decisions solely without having the right knowledge or support to reach appropriate outcomes with John. The autonomy of John to decide whether to engage with social services, and accept that he is not coping well at the moment, conflicts with social services and his neighbours concerns of him putting himself in danger/neglect. The professionals would need good social skills and value the principle of inclusion into society and autonomy to enable John to make his own decisions and make positive changes on his own behalf. The conflict in this case is that facing the social worker in assessing Johns needs. On one hand, John doesnt seem to be coping well however he has been assessed as having capacity, but on the other hand, John is exercising his own right to self determination and autonomy as he wont accept any support. The issue the social worker faces is that of John not engaging if John is able to understand some of the presenting problems in his current situation. In order to assess whether intervention is required, three categories of risk may be required. Johns physical risk could be causing harm to himself or others. Johns social risk of becoming isolated and acting in a way that is considered outside of the social norm and emotional risk, his physical and emotional health (Webb, 2006). In the case of John lacking capacity the social worker and other professionals would be working under the framework The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) in order to provide protection for John, who is unable to make decisions for himself. The Act contains provision for assessing whether people have the mental capacity to make decisions, procedures for making decisions on behalf of people who lack mental capacity and safeguards. Professionals would be working under the philosophy of the MCA, which is any decision made, or action taken, on behalf of John who lacks the capacity to make the decision or act for himself must be made in his best interest (Coulshed Orme, 2006). The Act is also supported by its own Code of Practice which has to be interpreted when using the Act. It is important that all professionals working with John understand his capacity might be affected only for a temporary period. The phrases used in the MCA section 2 in relation to a matter and at the material time mea ns that capacity must be assessed on a decision-by-decision basis. Therefore, capacity may not be a permanent status and John should not be described as having or lacking capacity. The level of capacity needed by John would depend on the decision to be made. For example, John may need a lower level of mental capacity to make decisions about everyday matters, such as what to eat or where to go at this moment in time. Professional should ensure John has not been assumed as lacking capacity due to his age, appearance, and mental health diagnosis or disability/medical condition (Webb, 2006). In 2007, under the Mental Health Act for England and Wales, Approved Social Workers were replaced by Approved Mental Health Practitioners (AMHPs) with the role and remit extended to other disciplines. The primary role of an AMPH is to act as the guardian of the patients rights. The AMHP has the responsibility of contacting the patients next of kin and to help any appeals against the order that the patient wants to make. In the case of John not having capacity, the AMHP may control access to some services such as day centres, respite care, residential care and other community support services, if needed (DOH, 2001). The social worker would also need to refer to other health/social care professionals if not already done so such as GP, community psychiatric nurse, physiatrist, counsellor, advice services, specific therapies to ensure an holistic approach is taken (Ray et al, 2008). The consultation report on safeguarding adults in Wales In Safe Hands (WAG, 2000) found that people were c oncerned about the balance between safeguarding and personalisation, between choice and risk. Social workers and other professionals need to ensure people have informed choices and introduce support systems. Social workers will have a distinctive role in multiagency settings and will need to ensure they develop practices to enable service users with mental health to identify and realise their own needs. The team involved in working with John will need to have broad experiences and social views of mental health problems especially in regards to discrimination, oppression, civil rights and social justice. They will need to co-ordinate efforts to support John so that he does not have negative experiences and /or perceptions of mental health and ensure he received services fairly and equably. The social worker will work with John to ensure he is not a victim of social isolation, poverty, unemployment, insecure housing and limited social and support networks and will have an independent view in assessment and care planning (Faulkner, 2012). In Johns case risk management will minimize the dangers both to and from John. However risk factors are individual and differ from professional to professional due to personal factors and the degree of control they have over the risk. A risk can be viewed as negative and positive. Risk is associated with decision making processes and should never be made in isolation. Social workers must take every precaution to protect the service user and the public, as the law makes people responsible for behaviours whether or not they were the ones who took the risk, intended or not. Practitioners can be held liable for negligence and a breach of duty. Trying to predict possibilities and risk assessing is a very important part of the social workers role (Parrott, 2006). Part 2

Dialectal Awareness in the Reeves Tale Essay -- Reeves Tale Essays

Dialectal Awareness in the Reeve's Tale Throughout any given period of human history, language has been the highest expression of observable and transmissible culture. Individuals generally affiliate themselves with those of like culture and characteristics and tend to shun those who express qualities and beliefs that are different from what is commonly accepted or familiar. Wedges are often driven in the midst of identical groups of people with common beliefs, simply because one particular dialect of their language is strange to the ear of another group, or is difficult for that other group to understand . The differences between the Northern and Southern Middle English dialects of the late 1300's were, for many valid reasons, so distinct that over time lines of demarcation were conceived, as were stereotypical views of the people who spoke the language of the North. But fourteenth century poet Geoffrey Chaucer saw beyond the divisions to the heart of the matter; he recognized the efficacy and validity of the Northern dialects, considering them as no less proper forms of English than his own native "Londonese"-- a mixture of Southern and East Midlands dialects. It is by capitalizing upon these well-known stereotypical views through his distinct dialectal differences that Chaucer helps Oswald the Reeve get "one up" on the impertinent Miller through his own savvy, satirical Canterbury tale. In order to understand the implications that dialectal differences would have had upon the Southern view of a Northern speaker of Middle English, one must first investigate the individual differences that clearly existed between the two forms of the language. As there was no standardization of the ... ...frey. The Canterbury Tales: Nine Tales and the General Prologue. Ed. V. A. Kolve and Glending Olson. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Clark, Cecily. "Another Late Fourteenth-Century Case of Dialect Awareness." Review of English Studies 40 (1989): 504-505. Ellis, Deborah S. "Chaucer's Devilish Reeve." Chaucer Review 27 (1995): 150-161. Geipel, John. The Viking Legacy: The Scandinavian Influence on the English and Gaelic Languages. London: David & Charles, 1971. Hughes, Arthur and Peter Trudgill. English Accents and Dialects : An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of British English. Baltimore: University Park P, 1979. Mossà ©, Fernand. "Introduction." A Handbook of Middle English. Trans. James A. Walker. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1952. Woods, William F. "The Logic of Deprivation in The Reeve s Tale." Chaucer Review 30 (1996) : 150-161.

Contemporary Status of Women in the Us

Women have come a long way from the early 1900’s when they gained their equal right to vote, to now where it seems women have equal rights to do just about anything. Women have been increasingly joining the economic work force since the last 100 years or so. Although, women in the work force have been increasing in numbers are they given an equal and fair chance compared to that of men? A quick glance on the subject would suggest that women are given equal and fair chances in the work force; however, upon closer inspection it seems women in fact are not given the same fair and equal opportunities as men.Women are subjected to occupation gender segregation and unfair pay gaps in comparison to men. Nevertheless, women are working diligently and successfully to break down these unjust barriers that are keeping them from having equal opportunities. According to Margaret L. Andersen and Dana Hysock Witham, in Thinking about Women: Sociological Perspectives on Sex and Gender, gender segregation is â€Å"the pattern whereby women and men are situated in different jobs thought the labor force† (128).This can be made an example of in obvious occupations such as: kindergarten and preschool teachers, nurses, librarians, and house cleaners, versus college professors, doctors, lawyers, and construction works. The former, when typically imagined, the first image that comes to mind is a woman, whereas the latter is associated with a man. These occupations are associated with certain genders because generally speaking those jobs are and have traditionally been a certain gender dominated. Philip N. Cohen, and Matt L.Huffman, in Occupational Segregation and the Devaluation of Women's Work Across U. S. Labor Markets, hypothesis that gender segregation in the workforce exists because of the â€Å"discrimination both in the allocation of workers across the job categories and in how female-dominated jobs are rewarded relative to male-dominated jobs† (882). Women are â€Å"blocked access† to typical male dominated jobs because of social ideas and cultural norms that say that women cannot effectively do the work of men, which requires intellect, leadership, hard labor, and other skills traditionally associated with men.Rather, women are kept in low paying jobs that often do not lead to promotions and involve skills that they have traditionally been known for, such as cooking, cleaning, taking care of children, obeying men’s orders, and things of that nature. Because women and men are kept in jobs that relate to their traditional gender based skills, it creates a segregation of the labor force instead of creating a heterogeneous labor force were men and women are equally interested in and are hired in certain occupations.Women’s work is also often undervalued in society, especially in comparison to the work of men. Because of this undervaluing of women’s work women are additionally rewarded far less than men are. A wage gap is the difference between the earnings of men and women in the workforce. Today â€Å"women earn only 77 percent of what men earn, at least on average† (DeNavas-Walt qtd. in Andersen and Hysock Witham 137). The wage gap between women and men can be attributed to occupational segregation and wage discrimination.Occupational segregation places women in lower skilled jobs that underutilize and devalues women’s skills and potential to work and be successful in the labor force (Karamessini and Ioakimoglou 34). Employers usually pay their employee’s wages that they see fit in relation to, how much they deem an employee and his or her skills are worth in the company, and how they contribute to the company. Because women’s work and skills are undervalued by a majority of society they are in turn paid less compared to men.Additionally, women usually seek out or are put into jobs that are women dominated. Again since women’s work is undervalued, on ce an occupation becomes a woman dominated occupation, the job itself becomes less valuable and people in that job eventually are paid less in that occupation compared to if it had been a male dominated occupation. The wage gap is also impacted by wage discrimination. The unequal pay of women based on gender rather than qualifications and skills is wage discrimination. In Joel T. Nadler and Margaret S.Stockdale’s article, Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just Between Strangers they quote Kolesnikova ; liu , â€Å"Although the gender wage gap has been decreasing over the last thirty years there is still a difference in salary between men and women in similar careers with similar experience† (282). Women are still being paid less than men despite having equal or better fit skills and or qualifications than men. Women are making progress in making the wage gap between men and women non-existent, however, progress has been slowing.Women are slowly but surely making significant p rogress in leveling the playing field in the labor market for both men and women. Progress can be seen in closing the wage gap between genders and in the desegregating of gender based jobs. â€Å"The earnings gap between men and women has shrunk to a record low†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dennis 01a). Dennis attributes it to the prosperity of women in the 21century economy and the fact that the recession has negatively affected men’s pay. He additionally continues to discuss how not only has white women’s wages increased, black women’s wages have also seen an increase in the past nine years.Women’s wages have been slowly increasing and becoming even with that of men. This increase can be attributed to women breaking down barriers of gender segregation in the work force. â€Å"Women have been moving into high-paying professional jobs such as accountants, lawyers and physician† (Dennis 01a). These occupations are typically male dominated. However, it seems in re cent years the occupations’ genders have been less homogenous and more of an even or close to even mixture of both genders.As women are taking over more male dominated jobs, such as perhaps managerial jobs, it seems that there are sacrifices that women have to make where as men usually do not. â€Å"Studies indicate career oriented women are more likely to delay relationships or children in order to advance their careers† (Hoffnung qtd. Nadler and Stockdale 282). Because women are taking on traditionally male dominated occupations they are under extra scrutiny and watch, therefore, women feel the pressure to perform well and make sacrifices in the name of their job.Women can feel that in order to be successful they are required to choose work over family life. The pressures over performing well in a women’s career life and also balancing their social or family life can create anxiety and unhealthy stress for women. Although, women have been successful in further closing the wage gap and breaking down gender segregation within the workforce, their progress it seems has also come at the price of choosing a career or a family.Although women have come a long way since the early 1900’s it seems that they are still subjected to unequal treatment compared to men. Women face gender segregation in the workforce which makes it difficult to attain prestigious and high paying jobs. Women are also subjected to being paid less than men regardless of having equal or superior skills. Nevertheless, women are facing these obstacles head on. Women are now more than CEO’s, they are leveling the playing field between genders in the labor force and re demanding, and showing that they deserve equal pay. Works cited Andersen, Margaret L. , and Dana Hysock Witham. Thinking About Women, SociologicalPerspectives On Sex And Gender. 9. Boston : Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. â€Å"Closing The Gender Gap. † Society 30. 3 (1993): 3. Academic Search Pre mier. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. Cohen, Philip N. , and Matt L. Huffman. â€Å"Occupational Segregation And The Devaluation Of Women's Work Across U. S. Labor Markets. † Social Forces 81. 3 (2003): 881-908. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Dennis, Cauchon. Gender pay gap smallest on record. † USA Today n. d. : Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Karamessini, Maria, and Elias Ioakimoglou. â€Å"Wage Determination And The Gender Pay Gap: A Feminist Political Economy Analysis And Decomposition. † Feminist Economics 13. 1 (2007): 31-66. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Nadler, Joel T. , and Margaret S. Stockdale. â€Å"Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just Between Strangers. † North American Journal Of Psychology 14. 2 (2012): 281-291. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.

Korean Domestic Violence essays

Korean Domestic Violence essays Korean Domestic Violence A 48-year old Korean woman, mother of two sons, has been living in Los Angeles for seven years now. On the evening of July 15, 1997, her husband comes home late at night from his financially shaky liquor store in East LA. He is tired and frustrated from the deception of an American dream once promised to him eight years ago. A small negative remark by the Korean woman causes the husband to unleash several strikes to her face with his open hand. She sustains several bruises on her face and a bloody nose, yet she says nothing and accepts the punishment as if it were inescapable event. She goes to sleep that night angered at herself for causing the outbreak and despaired with the fact that she will be offered no guarantees of safety for the next day. Spousal abuse has been a consistent problem in American society. A general survey has shown approximately 4 million cases of domestic violence had occurred in America in one year. Among those 4 million, 95% of the cases are reported to be women. (Ho Kim, 1999, pp.5-7) The common emphasis is on America as a whole, but the situations of Korean American women have been seriously overlooked until recent times. Underneath the vague statistical lines, several contributing factors mark a great difference when approaching this problem. The cultural background and pressures of acculturation into the American culture have left Korean women as "legitimate victims" and have also left them with even smaller avenues of escaping abuse.(Agnew, 1998, p.2) The national statistics reveals that domestic violence is one of the leading causes of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44. (Mehrotra,1999, p.16) There has yet to be a distinct number of domestic violence surveys on Asian Americans alone. The few surveys that have been conducted recently show dramatic numbers. In Massachusetts, Asians made up 18% of the victims killed as a result of domestic violence ...

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a Cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Justice Department is responsible for enforcing the laws enacted by Congress, administration of the U.S. justice system, and ensuring that the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans are upheld. The DOJ was established in 1870, during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant, and spent its early years prosecuting members of the Ku Klux Klan. The DOJ oversees the activities of multiple federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The DOJ represents and defends the U.S. government’s position in legal proceedings, including cases heard by the Supreme Court. The DOJ also investigates cases of financial fraud, administers the federal prison system, and reviews the actions of local law enforcement agencies according to the provisions of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. In addition, the DOJ oversees the actions of the 93 U.S. Attorneys who represent the federal government in courtrooms nationwide. Organization and History The Department of Justice is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President of the United States and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the U.S. Senate. The Attorney General is a member of the President’s Cabinet. At first, a one-person, part-time job, the position of Attorney General was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. At the time, the duties of the Attorney General were limited to providing legal advice to the president and Congress. Until 1853, the Attorney General, as a part-time employee, was paid substantially less than the other Cabinet members. As a result, those early Attorneys General typically supplemented their salary by continuing to conduct their own private law practices, often representing paying clients before state and local courts in both civil and criminal cases. In 1830 and again in 1846, various members of Congress tried to make the Attorney Generals Office a full-time position. Finally, in 1869, Congress considered and passed a bill creating a Department of Justice to be headed by a full-time Attorney General. President Grant signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870, and the Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870. Appointed by President Grant, Amos T. Akerman served as America’s first Attorney General and used his position to vigorously pursue and prosecute Ku Klux Klan members. During President Grants first term alone, the Justice Department had issued indictments against Klan members, with over 550 convictions. In 1871, those numbers increased to 3,000 indictments and 600 convictions. The 1869 law that created the Department of Justice also increased the Attorney Generals responsibilities to include the supervision of all United States Attorneys, the prosecution of all federal crimes, and the exclusive representation of the United States in all court actions. The law also permanently barred the federal government from using private lawyers and created the office of Solicitor General to represent the government before the Supreme Court. In 1884, control of the federal prison system was transferred to the Justice Department from the Department of the Interior. In 1887, enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act gave the Justice Department responsibility for some law enforcement functions. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order giving the Justice Department responsibility for defending the United States against claims and demands filed against the government. Mission Statement The mission of the Attorney General and the U.S. Attorneys is: â€Å"To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.†

Global Forces, Local Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Forces, Local Diversity - Essay Example According toâ€Å"Peakbagger.com† The Appalachian Mountains act as recreational site with numerous parks and the Appalachian Trail used by stout hikers globally (Web). The mountain ranges remain one of the most significant geographical and historical features in the world especially due to its uniqueness and bigger size. Possibly, if the Appalachians could have been located in a different place it could still maintain its geographical influence but different cultural and economic influence. The mountains could not affect the natives or the first settlers equally because there must have been different cultural background of the settlers. Suppose the Appalachians could have been located in Africa or Asia, initially the name and the culture of people around it would have been traced back to the original African or Asian culture. Some of the features of the mountains especially the ice cover and vegetation cover may have also been altered depending on the climate and activities taking place in that particular region. â€Å"The Moonlit Road† asserts that the culture of the people living around the Appalachian Mountains was a mixture of different cultures from England, Scotland, and Germany settlers who were seeking land, freedom, and new opportunities thus making the region multi-cultural region especially at the modern age when most people around the world have gone to seek for employment. Some Americans also think that the Appalachians are not well educated and all these could be attributed to the fact that the regions’ topography could not favor infrastructural development. The Appalachians are not as civilized as other parts of America and are sometimes referred to as hicks, rednecks, and hillbillies (â€Å"Peakbagger.com† Web). â€Å"The Moonlit Road† posits that European settlers greatly influenced the social disruption, which resulted into environmental disruption especially due to introduction of plants and animals from Europe. The indigenous however initially d epended on the valuable resources provided by the Appalachia region such as wildlife to be hunted, fish from the sparkling rivers as well as logs that helped them in building houses. There were also some unique cultures such as casual mountain dances practiced by the Appalachians (â€Å"Peakbagger.com† Web). It is also worth noting that most of the Appalachians could not fully dwell on farming because the mountains were rocky and hilly thus hindering their ability to make a living out of farming. This led to some disheartening conditions such as widespread of poverty that eventually led to widespread disease infections and malnutrition amongst the population specifically the children. According to â€Å"Peakbagger.com† economic activities within the Appalachian regions vary from fishing, farming, manufacturing, and commerce. There are also notable coals as well as natural gas in the Appalachian plateau as well as valuable iron ore deposits. Nonetheless, there are eleme nts of chronic poverty experienced in Appalachian region particularly in the southern regions. This is really appalling because the region is endowed with extensive natural resources. It is indeed devastating to experience extreme poverty and severe economic hardship and even the effect of globalization which seems to do more harm than good. Chief export for

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example In simple terms, the vision and mission of an organization outlines future targets and explicates where the organization wants to be in a specific timeframe. Therefore, analyzing the vision and mission would help identify factors hindering the achievement of projected targets, factors supporting or facilitating achievement of positive results, as well as gaps that would need further action. Doris, I concur with your discussion. in that communication, monitoring, and continued assessment are imperative factors in identification of obstacles and strong points. Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr (2011, p.24) define SWOT analysis as "A widely used tool for analyzing internal and external environments in order to attain a systematic approach and support for decision situations". The y further outline internal factors to include operations as they are factors that the organization has control over (Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr, 2011). In reference to your unmet need, monitoring patients falls through distance video monitoring is prove that the environment is being analyzed. When falls are identified and the cause identified, informing the management is important as they are the primary decision makers. By informing the management, action plans can be implemented to help reduce the falls. In this regard, I agree that continual communication with Directors of Resource Ma nagement and Professional Practice is essential in SWOT analysis. Hamidi, K., &Delbahari, V. (2011). Formulating a strategy for a university using SWOT technique: A case study. Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 5(12), 264– 276. Retrieved from